Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

2.2K
The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
2.2K
Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

4.8K
The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
4.8K
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

1.4K
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
1.4K
Formation of Dilute Urine01:20

Formation of Dilute Urine

4.0K
The formation of dilute urine is a critical renal adaptation that maintains fluid balance, particularly during periods of high fluid intake. This process primarily involves the juxtamedullary nephrons. By adjusting the permeability of water and ions in response to physiological conditions, the kidneys can either conserve or excrete water, resulting in concentrated or dilute urine.
Filtrate Osmolarity in the PCT
Initially, as the filtrate passes through the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), its...
4.0K
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

791
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
791
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

2.1K
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

Laparoscopic Splenectomy: Outcomes and Conversion Trends from A 20-Year Single-Center Experience.

Prilozi (Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite. Oddelenie za medicinski nauki)·2026
Same author

Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Artery as a Rare Cause of Heart Failure in a Neonate with Transposition of the Great Arteries: An Unexpected Turn in an Otherwise Routine Case.

Journal of cardiovascular development and disease·2026
Same author

Venous Malformations in Pediatric Patients: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostic Methods, and Treatment Strategies.

Prilozi (Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite. Oddelenie za medicinski nauki)·2025
Same author

Letter to the Editor Comment on: CAR T-cell therapy in pediatric oncology: From leukemia to emerging promise in Wilms tumor and solid malignancies.

Journal of pediatric surgery·2025
Same author

Generative Artificial Intelligence Accuracy in Interpreting Forest Plots in Pediatric Surgery Meta-analyses: A Perspective From Pediatric Surgery Meta-analysis Study Group (PESMA).

Journal of pediatric surgery·2025
Same author

Comparing Loop and Divided Colostomy for Anorectal Malformation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of pediatric surgery·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
06:05

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Published on: October 12, 2017

16.4K

Congenital hydronephrosis: disease or condition?

Mile Petrovski1, Risto Simeonov, Lazar Todorovikj

  • 1University Clinic of Paediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, R. Macedonia.

Prilozi (Makedonska Akademija Na Naukite I Umetnostite. Oddelenie Za Medicinski Nauki)
|December 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Congenital hydronephrosis in children is often benign and self-resolving. Aggressive observation is recommended for nonobstructive cases, as surgical intervention is rarely needed.

More Related Videos

Transmesenteric Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty in Trendelenburg Position for Horseshoe Kidney with Hydronephrosis
03:57

Transmesenteric Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty in Trendelenburg Position for Horseshoe Kidney with Hydronephrosis

Published on: July 8, 2025

434
Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
03:19

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography

Published on: June 21, 2024

3.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
06:05

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Published on: October 12, 2017

16.4K
Transmesenteric Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty in Trendelenburg Position for Horseshoe Kidney with Hydronephrosis
03:57

Transmesenteric Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty in Trendelenburg Position for Horseshoe Kidney with Hydronephrosis

Published on: July 8, 2025

434
Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
03:19

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography

Published on: June 21, 2024

3.0K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Surgical Management

Background:

  • Congenital hydronephrosis is the most common childhood uropathy.
  • While often benign, obstructive cases require timely intervention to prevent renal damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore management dilemmas for isolated, unilateral congenital hydronephrosis in pediatric surgery.
  • To discuss strategic options for this condition.

Main Methods:

  • A 3-year follow-up study of 32 children with unilateral, isolated hydronephrosis and nonobstructed renography.
  • Initial and follow-up assessments of hydronephrosis grade and split renal function (GFR).

Main Results:

  • Hydronephrosis severity generally decreased over 3 years, with no cases exceeding grade II.
  • Mean split GFR remained stable around 40-42%.
  • Three patients required conversion from conservative to surgical management.

Conclusions:

  • Nonobstructive congenital hydronephrosis is a benign condition.
  • Aggressive observation is indicated for nonobstructive cases, with surgery being infrequent.
  • Management requires careful consideration of potential obstruction and renal function.