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Scholarly context not found: one in five articles suffers from reference rot.

Martin Klein1, Herbert Van de Sompel1, Robert Sanderson1

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Scholarly articles increasingly cite web resources, but "reference rot" makes them inaccessible. One in five Science, Technology, and Medicine (STM) articles suffer from this, hindering access to crucial web context.

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Area of Science:

  • Scholarly communication
  • Digital preservation
  • Web archiving

Background:

  • The web has transformed scholarly communication, enabling faster dissemination of knowledge.
  • However, the shift to web-based systems introduces challenges like reference rot, affecting the long-term accessibility of cited web resources.
  • Reference rot combines link rot and content drift, impacting the integrity of scholarly records.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and impact of reference rot on Science, Technology, and Medicine (STM) articles.
  • To assess the long-term accessibility of web resources cited in scholarly publications.
  • To understand how reference rot affects the ability to revisit the web context surrounding published articles.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of over 3.5 million articles from three corpora spanning 1997-2012.
  • Extraction and examination of over one million references to web resources.
  • Determination of URI responsiveness on the live web and availability of archived snapshots.

Main Results:

  • The proportion of articles citing web resources has steadily increased over time.
  • One in five STM articles exhibit reference rot, rendering cited web content inaccessible.
  • For STM articles with web references, seven out of ten suffer from reference rot.

Conclusions:

  • Reference rot poses a significant threat to the long-term integrity of the scholarly record.
  • Urgent development of robust solutions is needed to combat reference rot.
  • The Hiberlink project is exploring potential solutions to preserve web-based scholarly communication.