Viral DNA in horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus

The amount and distribution of viral DNA were established in a horse acutely infected with the Wyoming strain of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). The highest concentration of viral DNA were found in the liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen. The kidney, choroid plexus, and peripheral blood leukocytes also contained viral DNA, but at a lower level. It is estimated that at day 16 postinoculation, almost all of the viral DNA was located in the tissues, with the liver alone containing about 90 times more EIAV DNA than the peripheral blood leukocytes did. Assuming a monocyte-macrophage target, each infected cell contained multiple copies of viral DNA (between 6 and 60 copies in liver Kupffer cells). At day 16 postinoculation, most of the EIAV DNA was not integrated into host DNA, but existed in both linear and circular unintegrated forms. In contrast to acute infection, viral DNA was not detectable in tissues from asymptomatic horses with circulating antibody to EIAV.