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Related Concept Videos

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

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Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable...
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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Infection01:20

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Reservoir of Infection01:30

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Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Noncommunicable diseases.

Shannon Marrero1, Eli Y Adashi2

  • 1Brown's Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island.

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Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a major global health threat, impacting economic development and the poor. This article reviews the 2011 UN high-level meeting on NCDs and discusses future strategies for disease control.

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular, and chronic respiratory diseases are the leading cause of death globally.
  • NCDs disproportionately affect impoverished populations, posing a significant threat to economic development.
  • A 2011 United Nations General Assembly high-level meeting (HLM) addressed NCD prevention and control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the global impact of NCDs.
  • To evaluate progress and shortcomings since the 2011 UN HLM on NCDs.
  • To outline future strategies for managing the escalating burden of NCDs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the 2011 UN General Assembly high-level meeting on NCDs.
  • Analysis of political declarations and commitments made during the HLM.
  • Discussion of the global impact and trends of major NCDs.

Main Results:

  • The 2011 HLM resulted in a political declaration but lacked the funding, targets, and advocacy of the previous HIV/AIDS HLM.
  • Progress in NCD prevention and control since 2011 has been limited.
  • NCDs continue to represent a growing and significant global health burden.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent and enhanced global action is required to effectively combat the rising tide of NCDs.
  • Future strategies must address funding, target setting, and advocacy to curb NCDs.
  • Failure to act decisively risks NCDs becoming an unmanageable global health crisis.