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Group selection and social evolution in domesticated animals
Michael J Wade1, Piter Bijma2, Esther D Ellen2
1Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA.
Evolutionary Applications
|January 9, 2015
Summary
Social genetic effects, including competition, influence livestock traits and can be a source of hidden heritability. Understanding population structure is key for selective breeding to improve yields and animal welfare.
Area of Science:
- Quantitative genetics
- Population genetics
- Animal breeding
Background:
- Social interactions and competition are crucial in domesticated and natural populations.
- Heritability of traits influenced by social interactions has direct and indirect genetic components.
- Indirect genetic effects represent 'hidden heritability' and impact selection responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore how population genetic structure influences selection response for traits with indirect genetic effects.
- To connect quantitative and population genetic theories regarding social genetic effects.
- To review empirical studies in domesticated chickens illustrating these concepts.
Main Methods:
- Application of population genetic and quantitative genetic theory.
- Analysis of trait heritability with direct and indirect genetic effects.
- Review of empirical data from domesticated chickens.
Main Results:
- Population structure significantly affects the response to selection on traits with indirect genetic effects.
- Ignoring competitive interactions can lead to diminished yields due to indirect genetic responses.
- Knowledge of relatives and family selection are vital for incorporating social genetic effects.
Conclusions:
- Social genetic effects are a critical, yet often overlooked, factor in animal breeding.
- Incorporating indirect genetic effects into breeding programs can enhance livestock production and welfare.
- Understanding population structure is essential for maximizing genetic gains in the presence of social interactions.
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