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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Psychology01:20

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Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the...
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Mate Choice01:20

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Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
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In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Measuring Active and Passive Tameness Separately in Mice
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Group selection and social evolution in domesticated animals.

Michael J Wade1, Piter Bijma2, Esther D Ellen2

  • 1Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA.

Evolutionary Applications
|January 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Social genetic effects, including competition, influence livestock traits and can be a source of hidden heritability. Understanding population structure is key for selective breeding to improve yields and animal welfare.

Keywords:
artificial breedinggroup selectionhidden heritabilityindirect genetic effectskin selection

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Area of Science:

  • Quantitative genetics
  • Population genetics
  • Animal breeding

Background:

  • Social interactions and competition are crucial in domesticated and natural populations.
  • Heritability of traits influenced by social interactions has direct and indirect genetic components.
  • Indirect genetic effects represent 'hidden heritability' and impact selection responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how population genetic structure influences selection response for traits with indirect genetic effects.
  • To connect quantitative and population genetic theories regarding social genetic effects.
  • To review empirical studies in domesticated chickens illustrating these concepts.

Main Methods:

  • Application of population genetic and quantitative genetic theory.
  • Analysis of trait heritability with direct and indirect genetic effects.
  • Review of empirical data from domesticated chickens.

Main Results:

  • Population structure significantly affects the response to selection on traits with indirect genetic effects.
  • Ignoring competitive interactions can lead to diminished yields due to indirect genetic responses.
  • Knowledge of relatives and family selection are vital for incorporating social genetic effects.

Conclusions:

  • Social genetic effects are a critical, yet often overlooked, factor in animal breeding.
  • Incorporating indirect genetic effects into breeding programs can enhance livestock production and welfare.
  • Understanding population structure is essential for maximizing genetic gains in the presence of social interactions.