Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients01:15

Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients

229
Bioavailability studies are essential for evaluating a drug's therapeutic efficacy and understanding its absorption patterns under various physiological conditions. Conducting such studies on target patient populations provides more relevant data by simulating real-world disease states. However, practical challenges often necessitate the use of young, healthy adult volunteers as study subjects.Patients may exhibit altered drug absorption patterns due to the effects of the disease itself,...
229
Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacodynamic Methods01:20

Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacodynamic Methods

983
Pharmacodynamic methods provide insights into a drug's effects on physiological processes over time and play a crucial role in understanding bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. These methods can be broadly classified into acute pharmacological and therapeutic response approaches, each with distinct mechanisms and applications.The acute pharmacological response method directly correlates a drug's physiological effects, such as ECG or pupil diameter changes, to its time course in the body.
983
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

582
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
582
Pharmacodynamic Responses: Different Types01:03

Pharmacodynamic Responses: Different Types

142
Pharmacodynamics is the scientific study of a drug's biochemical or physiological influence on the body. It categorizes responses into continuous, discrete (or categorical), and time-to-event outcomes. Continuous responses yield numerical values within a certain range, such as blood pressure readings and blood glucose levels, gauging the efficacy of antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs. Discrete responses can be binary, indicating whether a drug has an effect or not, or ordinal, exemplifying...
142
Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

11.2K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
11.2K
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

5.5K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
5.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Airway Occlusions to Measure Inspiratory Effort, Respiratory Drive, and Lung Mechanics During Noninvasive Ventilation.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same author

Technology-Enhanced Strategies to Optimize Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Patients Receiving Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Critical care medicine·2026
Same author

Reply to Fishler et al.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)·2026
Same author

Artificial Intelligence Algorithm to Monitor Inspiratory Muscle Effort and Patient-Ventilator Dyssynchrony During Mechanical Ventilation.

Critical care medicine·2026
Same author

Elastance as a determinant of the effect of prone positioning on mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a post hoc analysis of the PROSEVA trial.

Critical care (London, England)·2026
Same author

Optimizing endpoints in early phase clinical trials of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same journal

Association Between Air Pollution and Post Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC).

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same journal

When an Exacerbation Signals a Different Future in non-severe asthma.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same journal

Aim High-Stay Stable: Rethinking Treatment Success in COPD.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same journal

Three versus six weeks of corticosteroids for mild immune-related pneumonitis: a randomized trial.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same journal

Signal in the Noise: Polygenic Scores and the Problem of Defining Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same journal

Do mtDNA fragmentomic peaks reflect cancer biology or preanalytical and technical artifacts in NSCLC?

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
04:53

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

11.5K

Physiologic Responsiveness Should Guide Entry into Randomized Controlled Trials.

Ewan C Goligher1,2,3,4, Brian P Kavanagh1,2,3,5,6, Gordon D Rubenfeld1,2,7,8

  • 11 Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|January 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Randomizing patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who show a positive physiological response to treatment can improve trial outcomes. This approach reduces study noise and sample size, increasing the likelihood of detecting true benefits.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Methodologies and Advancements of Chronic Pain Management Research
08:33

Author Spotlight: Methodologies and Advancements of Chronic Pain Management Research

Published on: January 5, 2024

2.0K
Author Spotlight: Exercise Test for Evaluation of the Functional Efficacy of the Pig Cardiovascular System
02:47

Author Spotlight: Exercise Test for Evaluation of the Functional Efficacy of the Pig Cardiovascular System

Published on: May 12, 2023

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
04:53

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

11.5K
Author Spotlight: Methodologies and Advancements of Chronic Pain Management Research
08:33

Author Spotlight: Methodologies and Advancements of Chronic Pain Management Research

Published on: January 5, 2024

2.0K
Author Spotlight: Exercise Test for Evaluation of the Functional Efficacy of the Pig Cardiovascular System
02:47

Author Spotlight: Exercise Test for Evaluation of the Functional Efficacy of the Pig Cardiovascular System

Published on: May 12, 2023

2.2K

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Clinical Trial Design
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Many critical care randomized trials fail to show mortality benefits.
  • This may be due to diverse patient populations and complex disease mechanisms.
  • Intervention ineffectiveness or patient harm are also potential factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that enriching randomized trials with patients showing favorable physiological responses improves outcomes.
  • To reduce statistical "noise" and required sample sizes in clinical trials.
  • To minimize patient exposure to potentially ineffective or harmful interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Reanalysis of existing randomized clinical trials.
  • Focus on trials involving positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
  • Evaluating the impact of pre-selecting patients based on physiological response.

Main Results:

  • The reanalysis supports the hypothesis.
  • Enriching trials with physiologically responsive patients can decrease sample size requirements.
  • This strategy enhances the power to detect true treatment effects.

Conclusions:

  • Selective enrollment based on physiological response is a viable strategy for ARDS trials.
  • This method can increase the efficiency and reliability of critical care research.
  • Future trials could benefit from incorporating such adaptive randomization techniques.