Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 18, 2026

08:30
Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
Published on: March 12, 2016
13.8K
Pharmacotherapy of glaucoma.
Doreen Schmidl1, Leopold Schmetterer, Gerhard Garhöfer
11 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria .
Summary
Glaucoma treatment focuses on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) using various eye drops. New therapies targeting glaucoma
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Neuroscience
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Glaucoma is a progressive optic nerve disease causing visual field loss.
- Current treatment involves lowering intraocular pressure (IOP), with various topical medications available.
- Therapeutic adherence and novel treatment strategies are key challenges in glaucoma management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current glaucoma treatments and their limitations.
- To explore emerging non-IOP-lowering therapeutic concepts.
- To discuss the challenges in implementing new glaucoma treatment strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on glaucoma pathophysiology and treatment.
- Analysis of current pharmacological interventions and delivery systems.
- Discussion of recent advancements in understanding glaucoma's molecular mechanisms.
Main Results:
- A range of topical antiglaucoma drugs are available for individualized treatment.
- Sustained-release drug delivery systems show promise for improving adherence but are not yet clinically routine.
- Significant progress in understanding glaucoma's molecular basis offers hope for new therapeutic avenues.
Conclusions:
- While IOP reduction remains the cornerstone of glaucoma treatment, adherence is a challenge.
- Emerging research into molecular mechanisms provides a basis for developing novel, non-IOP-lowering therapies.
- Clinical translation of these new concepts requires further research and development.
Related Concept Videos
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
1.1K
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
1.1K
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment
1.7K
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
1.7K
Glaucoma: Overview
1.7K
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
1.7K
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems
252
Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
252
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption
828
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
828
Drug Therapy
423
The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Antianxiety Medications
423

