Generalized benign acanthosis nigricans in an infant

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Dermatology
• Endocrinology
• Rare Diseases

Background:

• Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a dermatological condition characterized by hyperpigmentation and thickening of the skin.
• The generalized form of AN, particularly in infants, is exceptionally uncommon.
• While often associated with underlying conditions like obesity, endocrine disorders, or malignancy, AN can present idiopathically.

Observation:

• A 1-year-old female infant presented with generalized acanthosis nigricans.
• The infant exhibited widespread skin changes consistent with AN.
• Clinical examination and initial investigations ruled out common associated conditions.

Findings:

• The case represents a rare occurrence of generalized acanthosis nigricans in an infant.
• Crucially, the infant showed no signs of internal malignancy or endocrine dysfunction.
• The etiology of the AN in this pediatric patient remains undetermined, highlighting a rare presentation.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering rare dermatological presentations in pediatric patients.
• It expands the clinical spectrum of acanthosis nigricans, particularly in the absence of typical risk factors.
• Further investigation into rare pediatric dermatoses is warranted to understand diverse etiologies and management strategies.