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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Isolation and Quantification of Botulinum Neurotoxin From Complex Matrices Using the BoTest Matrix Assays
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Infant botulism.

Eren Cagan1, Erdal Peker1, Murat Dogan1

  • 1Yuzuncu Yil University, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Van, Turkey.

The Eurasian Journal of Medicine
|January 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Infant botulism, a rare condition caused by Clostridium botulinum, leads to paralysis. Early diagnosis and treatment in an infant resulted in a full recovery with no lasting effects.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Infant botulism is a rare condition resulting from intestinal colonization by Clostridium botulinum.
  • The botulinum toxin affects acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions, causing intestinal immobility and descending paralysis.

Observation:

  • A case of infant botulism in a neonate is presented.
  • The infant presented with symptoms consistent with botulism.

Findings:

  • The infant was diagnosed with infant botulism, a rare clinical entity.
  • Early diagnosis and prompt, appropriate treatment were administered.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for infant botulism.
Keywords:
BotulismClostridium botulinumInfant pitosis

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  • Successful management led to complete recovery without any sequelae, demonstrating a positive prognosis with timely intervention.