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Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography
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Silo collapse under granular discharge.

G Gutiérrez1, C Colonnello2, P Boltenhagen3

  • 1Departamento de Física, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Apartado Postal 89000, Caracas 1080-A, Venezuela and PMMH, ESPCI, CNRS (UMR 7636) and Université Paris 6 & Paris 7, 75005 Paris, France.

Physical Review Letters
|January 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Silos resist granular discharge better than expected due to wall friction and collapse dynamics. However, larger grain sizes decrease the critical filling height, impacting silo stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid mechanics
  • Granular physics
  • Material science

Background:

  • Cylindrical shells are widely used in storage and industrial applications.
  • Understanding structural failure under granular discharge is crucial for safety and efficiency.
  • Existing theories for shell buckling and granular stress distribution do not fully explain observed silo behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the collapse of cylindrical shells during granular discharge at a laboratory scale.
  • To measure the critical filling height at which silo failure occurs.
  • To identify and rationalize the factors influencing silo stability and collapse.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory-scale experiments involving granular discharge from cylindrical shells.
  • Measurement of critical filling heights for structural failure.
  • Development and application of a novel fluid-structure theory.

Main Results:

  • Silos sustain filling heights significantly higher than predicted by standard theories.
  • Dynamical stabilization from granular wall friction prevents premature buckling.
  • Collapse occurs before full friction mobilization, and larger grain sizes reduce critical filling height.

Conclusions:

  • Observed silo stability is enhanced by granular wall friction and specific collapse dynamics.
  • A novel fluid-structure theory accurately rationalizes the interplay between granular friction, shell imperfections, and grain size.
  • The study provides new scaling predictions for silo collapse under granular discharge.