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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
Published on: August 29, 2025
, Mark D West1, David G Daniel1
1Mr. West is Principal Consultant with Innovum Research, Las Vegas, Nevada (was with ePharmaSolutions, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, at the writing of this article); Dr. Daniel is Senior Vice President, Chief Medical Director, Bracket Global LLC and is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, McLean, Virginia; Dr. Opler is Chief Scientific Officer, Founder, ProPhase LLC, New York, New York; Dr. Wise-Rankovic is Vice President, CNS Clinical Development, INC Research, Raleigh, North Carolina; and Dr. Kalali is Professor of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, and Vice President, Global Head, Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Quintiles, San Diego, California.
Standardized guidelines are needed for selecting and training raters in clinical neuroscience trials. This article provides expert recommendations for rater selection, training, and evaluation to improve research consistency.
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