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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing

In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing

Published on: May 11, 2021

Engineered in vitro disease models.

Kambez H Benam¹, Stephanie Dauth, Bryan Hassell

¹Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;

Annual Review of Pathology

|January 27, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered in vitro disease models offer a powerful alternative to animal models, enabling precise control over cellular and molecular factors for better disease insight and therapeutic development.

Keywords:

3D culture disease model in vitro tool microfluidic organ-on-a-chip tissue engineering

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Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Disease Modeling
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Traditional animal models often fail to accurately replicate human diseases.
Identifying specific cellular and molecular disease contributors is challenging in whole-animal systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the development and application of engineered in vitro disease models.
To showcase their potential for advancing disease mechanism understanding and therapeutic screening.

Main Methods:

Leveraging tissue engineering and microfabrication to create synthetic in vitro systems.
Independently varying cellular components (parenchymal, vascular, immune cells) and molecular factors.
Integrating engineered models with human induced pluripotent stem cells.

Main Results:

Engineered models successfully recapitulate various human diseases, including those of the heart, lung, liver, kidney, and nervous system.
These models allow real-time measurement of system-level responses.
Demonstrated utility in providing new insights into disease mechanisms and serving as a platform for drug screening.

Conclusions:

Engineered in vitro models represent a significant advancement over traditional animal models for studying human diseases.
Combining these models with stem cell technology opens new avenues for personalized medicine and drug discovery.