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2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

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Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
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The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.
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Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
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Niobium Oxide Films Deposited by Reactive Sputtering: Effect of Oxygen Flow Rate
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Niobium-nitrides derived from nitrogen splitting.

Keith Searles1, Patrick J Carroll, Chun-Hsing Chen

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|February 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel niobium complexes that efficiently split atmospheric nitrogen at room temperature. These niobium (IV) and (V) precursors yield low-coordinate nitride dimers, advancing nitrogen fixation research.

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Niobium complexes are explored for their potential in nitrogen fixation.
  • Developing efficient catalysts for nitrogen splitting remains a significant challenge in chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel niobium (V), (IV), and (III) aryloxide complexes.
  • To investigate the capability of these complexes in atmospheric nitrogen splitting.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a niobium (V) aryloxide precursor: [(ArO)2Nb(μ-Cl)Cl2]2.
  • Preparation of niobium (IV) and (III) derivatives.
  • Reaction of niobium (IV) and (V) complexes with atmospheric nitrogen under reducing conditions.

Main Results:

  • The niobium (V) complex serves as a precursor to niobium (IV) and (III) species.
  • Niobium (IV) and (V) complexes successfully split atmospheric nitrogen at ambient conditions.
  • Formation of low-coordinate nitride dimer [(ArO)2Nb(μ-N)]2 and its radical anion K[(ArO)2Nb(μ-N)]2 was observed.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized niobium complexes are effective precursors for nitrogen splitting.
  • This work demonstrates a new route to low-coordinate niobium nitrides.
  • The findings contribute to the development of novel catalysts for nitrogen fixation.