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Centrosome Duplication

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...

Centrosome Duplication

Centrosome Duplication

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...

Interphase

Interphase

The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.

Interphase

Interphase

The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.
Phases of Interphase
Following each period of mitosis and cytokinesis, eukaryotic cells enter interphase, during which they grow and replicate...

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes

Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes

Published on: September 20, 2013

The centrosome and its duplication cycle.

Jingyan Fu¹, Iain M Hagan², David M Glover¹

¹Cancer Research UK Cell Cycle Genetics Group, Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

|February 4, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Centrosome research has advanced significantly, revealing the molecular basis of its structure and function in cell division and signaling. This progress paves the way for understanding centrosome roles in human diseases.

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Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

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Last Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes

Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes

Published on: September 20, 2013

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

Published on: September 20, 2019

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

Published on: December 20, 2014

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

The centrosome, a critical organelle, was identified alongside mitosis in the 19th century.
Its core component, the centriole, also forms the basal body of cilia.
Recent decades have seen a surge in molecular understanding of centrosome structure and function.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of the recent molecular insights into centrosome structure and function.
To highlight the evolution of research strategies from yeast to model eukaryotes.
To connect centrosome functions to development and human disease.

Main Methods:

Comparative studies in yeasts to understand spindle pole body (centrosome equivalent) structure and function.
Investigations in model eukaryotes and cultured cells using advanced molecular and cellular techniques.
Analysis of centrosome duplication cycle and its regulatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

A sophisticated molecular understanding of centrosome duplication and function has been achieved.
The diverse roles of centrosomes and their components in cell division and signaling pathways are increasingly clear.
Centrosome functions are being integrated into developmental biology contexts.

Conclusions:

Recent molecular studies have greatly enhanced our understanding of centrosome biology.
The centrosome's roles in cell division, signaling, and development are multifaceted.
Further research into centrosomes holds promise for understanding and treating human diseases.