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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: Development and Evaluation of a Cationic Nanoemulsion-Encapsulated Retinoic Acid System for Mucosal Vaccination
Published on: February 23, 2024
New developments in oral vaccines and mucosal adjuvants
Jose L Subiza1, David El-Qutob, Enrique Fernandez-Caldas
1Inmunotek SL, Calle Punto, Mobi, 5; E-28805 Alcala de Henares, Spain. jlsubiza@inmunotek.com.
Abstract:
Mucosal immunity is the first line of defence of the organism against several pathogens and, at the same time, it is of critical importance in allergic diseases. Oral vaccines have been developed with the aim of enhancing the immune response to pathogens and for the treatment of allergic diseases. One of the major issues concerning oral vaccines is the use of oral adjuvants which could facilitate antigen presentation with the consequent induction of an effective immune response. The present review consists of an analysis, point by point, of the different patents that have been presented in the last 12 months in the different agencies: European (EP), US, and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and a general analysis of the future developments and trends in this emerging area.
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