[Thyroid gland and fertility]

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Endocrinology
• Endocrinology
• Gynecology

Context:

• Thyroid hormones (TH) play a crucial role in human reproduction, influencing estrogen and androgen metabolism, menstrual cycles, and fertility.
• Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can significantly affect reproductive health.
• The specific role of thyroid dysfunction in infertility, particularly in conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and unexplained infertility, is an area requiring more investigation.

Purpose:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of common thyroid disorders.
• To examine the impact of thyroid disorders on ovarian function and reproductive performance in women.
• To discuss the implications for infertility and the application of assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

Summary:

• Thyroid hormones are integral to reproductive processes, with imbalances affecting key functions.
• Thyroid deficiency is notably prevalent in women with PCOS and unexplained infertility.
• Limited research exists on the paracrine regulation of thyroid hormones and their receptors within the female reproductive tract.

Impact:

• Highlights the connection between thyroid health and female reproductive outcomes.
• Underscores the need for further research into thyroid hormone's role in infertility and ART.
• Informs clinical understanding and management of reproductive issues in patients with thyroid disorders.