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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

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Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
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Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study
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Supramolecular cyclodextrin-based drug nanocarriers.

Susana M N Simões1, Ana Rey-Rico, Angel Concheiro

  • 1Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|February 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cyclodextrins (CDs) form advanced supramolecular nanosystems with polymers and lipids for drug delivery. These systems enhance substance protection, control release rates, and improve administration, with recent clinical trial advancements.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Cyclodextrins (CDs) are versatile cyclic oligosaccharides with a hydrophobic cavity and hydrophilic exterior.
  • CDs can form non-covalent or covalent linkages with polymers and lipids, creating diverse supramolecular structures.
  • These CD-based systems offer tunable properties for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse designs of cyclodextrin-based supramolecular nanosystems.
  • To highlight recent advancements in CD-based drug delivery systems over the past five years.
  • To include an overview of relevant clinical trials utilizing these technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Grafting CDs onto polymers or lipids via non-covalent or covalent interactions.
  • Utilizing CDs as cross-linkers for polymer networks and poly(pseudo)rotaxane-based assemblies.
  • Functionalizing pre-existing polymers with CDs to enhance complexation capabilities.

Main Results:

  • CD-based supramolecular systems demonstrate potential as multifunctional cores for drug conjugation.
  • Nanoassemblies with varied architectures are achievable through grafting with amphiphilic molecules.
  • CDs enable the formation of depot formulations and colloidal nanocarriers with improved performance.

Conclusions:

  • CD-based supramolecular nanosystems offer significant advantages for active substance delivery.
  • These systems provide enhanced protection, controlled release, and improved administration and cell interactions.
  • Recent developments, including clinical trials, underscore the therapeutic potential of CD-based nanocarriers.