Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...

Drug Product Stability

Drug Product Stability

The long-term stability of drug products is critical to ensuring their quality, safety, and effectiveness over time. Stability directly influences a product's ability to maintain its intended characteristics, ensuring it performs as expected during its intended shelf life. Key attributes such as drug potency, impurities, dissolution, and other physicochemical measures of performance are tested to assess stability. These parameters indicate how well the product retains its quality over time and...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Bioavailability

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Bioavailability

Modified-release (MR) dosage forms are designed to extend drug release over time, thereby maintaining stable plasma concentrations and reducing dosing frequency. However, their bioavailability is typically below 100% due to incomplete drug release and presystemic metabolism, and limitations in drug permeability across the gastrointestinal epithelium, all of which can restrict the fraction of the drug reaching systemic circulation. Consequently, studying the in vivo bioavailability of MR...

Drugs that Destabilize Microtubules

Drugs that Destabilize Microtubules

Microtubules are dynamic structures and can be regulated by microtubule targeting agents (MTAs). Microtubule destabilizing drugs are a class of MTAs that destabilize and prevent microtubules' polymerization. Both natural and synthetic chemicals can be found under this class of drugs. Vincristine and vinblastine, two vinca alkaloids, and colchicine were among the first to be discovered. These drugs can affect cells in various ways, either by inducing a change in cell morphology, preventing...

Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules

Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules

Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo cycles of catastrophe and rescue. The microtubules play a central role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus for segregating the chromosomes. This makes them ideal targets for regulating dividing cells in tumors and malignant cancer cells. Microtubule stabilizing drugs help stabilize the microtubule formation and promote its polymerization. Paclitaxel was the first microtubule stabilizing agent used as anticancer drug in chemotherapy...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Advancing Sterilization of Medical Implant Polymers: Novel Low-Temperature Deep-vacuum Vaporized H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Technology Surpasses Current Methods.

Pharmaceutical research·2026

Same author

Advances in Fetal Repair of Spina Bifida Integrating Prenatal Surgery, Stem Cells, and Biomaterials.

Biomedicines·2026

Same author

Hybrid 3D-printed/electrospun scaffolds drive myogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Liposomal tobramycin and ceftazidime as advanced nanocarriers against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2025

Same author

Electrospun Bio-Scaffolds for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Neural Differentiation: Systematic Review of Advances and Future Directions.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025

Same author

On-body drug delivery systems: State-of-the-art technologies, clinical application, and future perspectives.

Drug discovery today·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

Published on: August 28, 2015

Stability Evaluation of Ivermectin-Loaded Biodegradable Microspheres.

Rossella Dorati¹, Ida Genta¹, Barbara Colzani¹

¹Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy.

AAPS Pharmscitech

|February 22, 2015

Summary

Biodegradable microparticles loaded with ivermectin (IVM) were tested for stability after gamma irradiation. Alpha-tocopherol (TCP) addition was crucial for maintaining IVM stability in these veterinary drug formulations.

Keywords:

alpha-tocopherol gamma irradiation ivermectin microspheres poly(D,L-lactide)poly-(ε-caprolactone)

More Related Videos

A Facile and Efficient Approach for the Production of Reversible Disulfide Cross-linked Micelles

A Facile and Efficient Approach for the Production of Reversible Disulfide Cross-linked Micelles

Published on: December 23, 2016

Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles

Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles

Published on: May 22, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

Published on: August 28, 2015

A Facile and Efficient Approach for the Production of Reversible Disulfide Cross-linked Micelles

A Facile and Efficient Approach for the Production of Reversible Disulfide Cross-linked Micelles

Published on: December 23, 2016

Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles

Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles

Published on: May 22, 2019

Area of Science:

Veterinary Pharmacy
Materials Science
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Ivermectin (IVM) is a critical antiparasitic drug for veterinary use.
Biodegradable microparticles offer a promising sustained-release injectable formulation for IVM.
Assessing the stability of IVM within microparticles post-sterilization is essential for product development.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the stability and performance of ivermectin-loaded biodegradable microparticles after gamma irradiation.
To investigate the influence of polymer type (poly(D,L-lactide) and poly-(ε-caprolactone)) on microparticle characteristics and drug stability.
To determine the necessity of antioxidants, specifically alpha-tocopherol (TCP), for stabilizing IVM in microparticle formulations.

Main Methods:

Preparation of IVM-loaded poly(D,L-lactide) and poly-(ε-caprolactone) microparticles using emulsion solvent evaporation.
Sterilization of microparticles via gamma irradiation.
Characterization of microparticles including size, shape, polymer integrity, and IVM stability post-irradiation.

Main Results:

The choice of polymer significantly impacts the physical characteristics and performance of the microparticles.
Gamma irradiation affected the stability of ivermectin within the microparticles.
Addition of alpha-tocopherol (TCP) was essential for achieving adequately stable ivermectin formulations.

Conclusions:

Polymer selection is a critical factor in designing stable ivermectin-loaded microparticles for veterinary injection.
Gamma irradiation necessitates the inclusion of antioxidants like alpha-tocopherol (TCP) to ensure ivermectin stability.
Optimized formulations incorporating TCP are achievable, providing valuable data for veterinary pharmaceutical development.