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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
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Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

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In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than...
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Production, Crystallization and Structure Determination of C. difficile PPEP-1 via Microseeding and Zinc-SAD
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Crystal structure of cyprodinil.

Youngeun Jeon1, Gihaeng Kang1, Seonghwa Cho1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic Communications
|February 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study details the crystal structure of cyprodinil, an anilino-pyrimidine fungicide. It reveals specific dihedral angles and weak π-π interactions influencing its molecular arrangement in crystal form.

Keywords:
crystal structurecyprodinilfungicidehydrogen bondingpyrimidin-2-amineπ–π inter­actions

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Cyprodinil is an anilino-pyrimidine fungicide widely used in agriculture.
  • Understanding the molecular structure and crystal packing of fungicides is crucial for optimizing their efficacy and formulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the detailed crystal structure of cyprodinil.
  • To analyze the spatial arrangement and intermolecular interactions within the cyprodinil crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of dihedral angles and intermolecular distances was performed.

Main Results:

  • The systematic name 4-cyclo-propyl-6-methyl-N-phenyl-pyrimidin-2-amine was confirmed for cyprodinil (C14H15N3).
  • Dihedral angles between the pyrimidine ring and phenyl ring (14.52°), and the pyrimidine ring and cyclopropane system (88.79°) were precisely measured.
  • Weak π-π interactions (3.8551 Å) were identified, linking molecular dimers into chains along the b-axis.

Conclusions:

  • The determined crystal structure provides fundamental insights into the solid-state behavior of cyprodinil.
  • The identified intermolecular interactions may influence the fungicide's physical properties and biological activity.
  • This structural data can inform future research on fungicide design and development.