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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...

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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

Measuring circadian clock function in human cells.

Ludmila Gaspar¹, Steven A Brown¹

¹Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Methods in Enzymology

|February 25, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human circadian clocks, vital for daily rhythms, show significant population-wide variations. Studying these differences in peripheral cells offers insights into health, disease, and gene expression diversity.

Keywords:

Cancer Circadian Fibroblasts Genetic mapping Lentivirus reporters Mood disorders Signal transduction

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Last Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells

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Published on: September 28, 2017

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters

Published on: September 27, 2012

Area of Science:

Chronobiology
Human Physiology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Circadian clocks regulate daily rhythms in physiology, mood, and cognition.
Functional, self-sustained circadian clocks exist in peripheral tissues, not just the central pacemaker.
Significant variations in circadian clock properties exist across the human population.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate population variance in human circadian clock properties.
To utilize peripheral cells as proxies for inaccessible tissues.
To explore conserved signal transduction cascades and their relation to human physiology and disease.

Main Methods:

Employed robust lentivirus-based reporter technologies.
Probed circadian function in human peripheral cells in vitro.
Analyzed gene expression variation within human populations.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the feasibility of studying circadian clock variance in human peripheral cells.
Highlighted the potential of these cell-based assays to reveal insights into phenotypic diversity.
Showcased the applicability to investigate conserved signal transduction pathways.

Conclusions:

In vitro cell-based technologies provide powerful tools to study human circadian clock variation.
Understanding clock variance can illuminate basic phenotypic diversity and disease-related gene expression patterns.
This approach offers a window into complex physiological and behavioral regulation.