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Related Concept Videos

Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport01:24

Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport

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Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
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Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

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Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:38

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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

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Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
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Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

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Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
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Cellular Affinity of Particle-Stabilized Emulsion to Boost Antigen Internalization
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Understanding nanoparticle cellular entry: A physicochemical perspective.

Charlotte M Beddoes1, C Patrick Case2, Wuge H Briscoe3

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK; Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information, University of Bristol, UK.

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
|February 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding nanoparticle (NP) interactions with cells is crucial for safe medical applications. Physical properties of NPs influence their cellular entry and potential nanotoxicity, which can be predicted by studying their effects on lipid membranes.

Keywords:
Cellular uptakeEndocytosisMembrane modelsNanoparticle biological interactionsNanotoxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomaterials Science
  • Cellular Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Nanoparticle (NP) applications in medicine and materials necessitate understanding their interactions with biological systems.
  • Predicting adverse cellular responses requires correlating NP functional characteristics with physical properties.
  • Cellular entry is a primary mechanism for NP-induced toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of how NP physical parameters affect cellular uptake.
  • To review research utilizing model membrane systems and physicochemical methods for NP-cell interactions.
  • To discuss proposed physical mechanisms of NP cellular entry and their implications for nanotoxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on nanoparticle-cell membrane interactions.
  • Analysis of physicochemical methodologies and model cell membrane systems.
  • Exploration of proposed physical mechanisms for nanoparticle cellular entry.

Main Results:

  • NP physical parameters (size, shape, surface chemistry) significantly influence cellular uptake.
  • Model membrane systems and physicochemical experiments elucidate NP entry mechanisms.
  • Nanoparticle interactions with cell membranes can be analogous to lipid mesophase transitions.

Conclusions:

  • The energetic process of NP cellular entry can be evaluated by studying NP effects on lipid mesophase transitions.
  • This approach offers insights into nanotoxicity from a physicochemical perspective.
  • Understanding NP-lipid interactions is key to predicting and mitigating nanotoxicity.