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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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[Impact of thyroid function on fertility].

H Gronier1, C Sonigo2, L Jacquesson3

  • 1Service de médecine de la reproduction, hôpital Jean-Verdier, AP-HP, avenue du 14-Juillet, 93143 Bondy cedex, France.

Gynecologie, Obstetrique & Fertilite
|March 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid dysfunction impacts fertility and early pregnancy. Recent guidelines suggest screening infertile women for thyroid issues due to potential risks.

Keywords:
Assistance médicale à la procréationAssisted reproductive technologyDysthyroidismDysthyroïdieFertilityFertilitéHyperthyroidismHyperthyroïdieHypothyroidismHypothyroïdieSubclinical thyroid diseaseThyroid autoantibodies

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology
  • Thyroidology

Background:

  • Thyroid dysfunction was historically screened in infertile patients only for anovulation or recurrent miscarriages.
  • Recent U.S. guidelines (2011) highlight infertile women as a population at risk for thyroid dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on the impact of thyroid dysfunction on fertility.
  • To examine the effects of thyroid dysfunction on the first trimester of pregnancy.
  • To discuss treatment strategies for thyroid dysfunction in infertile women.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies and guidelines.
  • Synthesis of data on thyroid dysfunction and reproductive outcomes.
  • Analysis of treatment approaches for thyroid disorders in infertile patients.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid dysfunction significantly affects female fertility and pregnancy.
  • Untreated thyroid issues pose risks during the first trimester of pregnancy.
  • Effective management strategies exist for thyroid dysfunction in this population.

Conclusions:

  • Infertile women should be considered for thyroid dysfunction screening.
  • Timely diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders are crucial for improving fertility and pregnancy outcomes.
  • Adherence to updated guidelines can optimize reproductive health in women with thyroid dysfunction.