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Related Concept Videos

Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

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Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

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The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
552
Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

572
Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
572
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

622
Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
622
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

975
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
975

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An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
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Takayasu arteritis revisited.

Bernardo Duque Neves1, Anabela Raimundo1, Tomás Appleton Figueira2

  • 1Departamento de Medicina Interna e Medicina Intensiva, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal.

Revista Portuguesa De Cardiologia : Orgao Oficial Da Sociedade Portuguesa De Cardiologia = Portuguese Journal of Cardiology : an Official Journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology
|March 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Takayasu arteritis, a large vessel vasculitis, can rapidly progress. This case highlights successful management of aggressive Takayasu arteritis with cyclophosphamide and angioplasty after initial corticosteroid failure.

Keywords:
Arterite de TakayasuCiclofosfamidaCoronary artery diseaseCyclophosphamideDoença coronáriaLarge vessel vasculitisTakayasu arteritisVasculiteVasculite de grandes vasosVasculitis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Takayasu arteritis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting large arteries, primarily the aorta and its branches.
  • It commonly presents with constitutional symptoms and signs of arterial stenosis or occlusion.

Observation:

  • A 47-year-old woman presented with rapidly progressing coronary artery disease.
  • Diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis was established.
  • The patient experienced rapid disease progression despite corticosteroid treatment, with new stenoses in carotid and splanchnic arteries.

Findings:

  • Corticosteroid therapy was initially insufficient to control the aggressive inflammatory process.
  • Combination therapy with cyclophosphamide pulses and percutaneous angioplasty led to disease remission.
  • Interventional procedures were crucial for restoring blood flow in affected vessels.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for rapid vascular damage in Takayasu arteritis, even with standard treatment.
  • Aggressive immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide may be necessary for refractory cases.
  • Percutaneous angioplasty is a valuable therapeutic option for managing arterial stenoses in Takayasu arteritis.