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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation
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Pituitary diseases and bone.

Gherardo Mazziotti1, Silvia Chiavistelli1, Andrea Giustina1

  • 1Endocrinology, University of Brescia, Via Biseo 17, Brescia 25123, Italy.

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|March 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pituitary diseases like prolactinomas and Cushing disease can cause bone fragility and fractures. Treatment improves bone health, but some patients still need medication for fracture prevention.

Keywords:
Bone mineral densityCortisolFracturesGrowth hormoneOsteoporosisPituitary diseasesProlactinSex steroids

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Pituitary hormones significantly influence bone remodeling.
  • Skeletal fragility and fractures are common in pituitary diseases such as prolactinomas, acromegaly, Cushing disease, and hypopituitarism.
  • Pituitary disorders often impair bone quality over quantity, complicating fracture risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of pituitary diseases on bone health.
  • To discuss the challenges in predicting fractures in these patients.
  • To highlight treatment strategies for skeletal complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on pituitary diseases and bone metabolism.
  • Analysis of the effects of hormonal imbalances on bone quality and quantity.
  • Evaluation of current treatment approaches for secondary osteoporosis due to pituitary disorders.

Main Results:

  • Pituitary diseases frequently lead to fragility fractures, even with normal bone mineral density.
  • Bone quality is more affected than bone quantity in pituitary-related osteoporosis.
  • Hormonal normalization improves skeletal health, but fracture risk may persist.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of pituitary hormone excess or deficiency is crucial for skeletal health.
  • Patients with pituitary diseases require careful monitoring for fracture risk.
  • Bone-active drugs are often necessary for fracture prevention in high-risk individuals.