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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Long noncoding RNAs in organogenesis: making the difference.

Phillip Grote1, Bernhard G Herrmann2

  • 1Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression networks crucial for embryonic development. Increased lncRNA abundance correlates with greater organ complexity, suggesting their role in vertebrate evolution.

Keywords:
cell lineagedevelopmentembryolncRNAsorgan

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The majority of the transcriptome in higher vertebrates comprises non-protein coding transcripts, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs).
  • While functionally diverse, many lncRNAs interact with chromatin modifiers and transcriptional regulators.
  • These interactions allow lncRNAs to influence gene expression, impacting key developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating gene expression during embryogenesis.
  • To explore the correlation between lncRNA abundance and the evolution of organ complexity in vertebrates.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of lncRNA interactions with chromatin modifying complexes and transcriptional regulators.
  • Examination of lncRNA involvement in controlling target gene activity and expression levels.
  • Comparative analysis of lncRNA abundance across species with varying organ complexity.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are involved in fine-tuning gene regulatory networks that control cell fate, lineage balance, and organogenesis.
  • A rise in lncRNA abundance is observed with increasing organ complexity during evolution.
  • lncRNAs appear to support the generation of cell diversity and organ complexity in embryogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs play a significant role in embryonic development and the establishment of complex biological structures.
  • The expansion of lncRNA repertoire has likely contributed to the evolution of more complex organisms.