Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

3.9K
Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
3.9K
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

871
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
871
Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle

2.9K
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
2.9K
What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

132.2K
Overview
132.2K
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

50.8K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
50.8K
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

1.2K
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The unfulfilled potential of nanocarriers for RNA delivery in antiviral crop protection.

Nature plants·2026
Same author

Antiviral Double-Stranded RNA Sensing Immunity in Plants.

Annual review of virology·2025
Same author

Control of tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) in tomato plants using in vivo synthesized dsRNA.

Journal of experimental botany·2025
Same author

Receptor-like kinases BIR1 and BIR3 modulate antiviral resistance by different mechanisms.

The New phytologist·2025
Same author

Small RNA mobility and plant virus diseases.

Journal of experimental botany·2025
Same author

Interpolyelectrolyte complexes of in vivo produced dsRNA with chitosan and alginate for enhanced plant protection against tobacco mosaic virus.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2025
Same journal

Viral diversity in predatory insects used for biological control: Insights from a multi-country meta-viromic analysis.

Virology·2026
Same journal

Unveiling the hidden virome of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: New tools and discoveries in mycovirus detection.

Virology·2026
Same journal

ASFV pDP238L negatively regulates type I interferon production via inhibiting the methylation of TBK1.

Virology·2026
Same journal

Divergent poxvirus identified in a non-native black rat from Madagascar.

Virology·2026
Same journal

Genomic and functional characterization of Bacillus phage BCE1 targeting a key gut bacterium in Aedes albopictus larvae.

Virology·2026
Same journal

Viral etiology of orogenital papillomatosis and squamous cell carcinoma in bottlenose dolphins in the southeastern United States.

Virology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Identification of Plasmodesmal Localization Sequences in Proteins In Planta
08:07

Identification of Plasmodesmal Localization Sequences in Proteins In Planta

Published on: August 15, 2017

8.9K

Plant virus replication and movement.

Manfred Heinlein1

  • 1Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, Botany, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Virology
|March 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viruses form replication factories using host cell machinery and the ER-actin network for efficient replication and spread. Cytoskeletal motor proteins are crucial for trafficking these viral replication complexes between cells.

Keywords:
CytoskeletonMembranesMovement proteinPVXPlant virusPlasmodesmataRCNMVTMVTuMVViral replication complex

More Related Videos

A Cell-to-cell Macromolecular Transport Assay in Planta Utilizing Biolistic Bombardment
07:14

A Cell-to-cell Macromolecular Transport Assay in Planta Utilizing Biolistic Bombardment

Published on: August 27, 2010

12.4K
Simple and Robust in vivo and in vitro Approach for Studying Virus Assembly
09:47

Simple and Robust in vivo and in vitro Approach for Studying Virus Assembly

Published on: March 1, 2012

12.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Identification of Plasmodesmal Localization Sequences in Proteins In Planta
08:07

Identification of Plasmodesmal Localization Sequences in Proteins In Planta

Published on: August 15, 2017

8.9K
A Cell-to-cell Macromolecular Transport Assay in Planta Utilizing Biolistic Bombardment
07:14

A Cell-to-cell Macromolecular Transport Assay in Planta Utilizing Biolistic Bombardment

Published on: August 27, 2010

12.4K
Simple and Robust in vivo and in vitro Approach for Studying Virus Assembly
09:47

Simple and Robust in vivo and in vitro Approach for Studying Virus Assembly

Published on: March 1, 2012

12.8K

Area of Science:

  • Plant virology
  • Cell biology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Viral replication and intercellular spread rely on host mechanisms for assembling functional complexes.
  • Viruses form specialized structures called "virus factories" or "viroplasms" to concentrate viral and host factors.
  • Plant viruses often utilize the cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-actin network for replication and cell-to-cell transport via plasmodesmata.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of host cell components in viral replication complex formation and trafficking.
  • To understand how viruses exploit the ER-actin network and cytoskeleton for intercellular spread.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms linking viral replication to cell-to-cell movement.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of viral replication complex organization and association with cellular structures.
  • Investigating the interaction between viral genomes, viral proteins, and host factors.
  • Studying the involvement of the cortical cytoskeleton and motor proteins in viral factory dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Viral replication complexes are highly organized and associated with the cortical ER-actin network.
  • Targeting of replication complexes to plasmodesmata facilitates viral genome transport by movement proteins.
  • The cortical cytoskeleton and motor proteins play critical roles in the formation, trafficking, and anchorage of viral replication factories.

Conclusions:

  • Plant viruses depend on the host ER-actin cytoskeleton for efficient replication and intercellular movement.
  • Targeted delivery of replication complexes to plasmodesmata is essential for viral spread.
  • Viral factories are dynamic structures whose formation and function are tightly regulated by host cytoskeletal machinery.