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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

707
It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
707
Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

617
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
617
Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

810
A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
810
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

673
In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
673
Plastic Deformations of Members with a Single Plane of Symmetry01:21

Plastic Deformations of Members with a Single Plane of Symmetry

460
When a structural member undergoes plastic deformation due to bending, it is crucial to understand the position of the neutral axis and the stress distribution. This member, characterized by a single plane of symmetry, exhibits a uniform stress distribution, with negative stress above the neutral axis and positive stress below. Notably, the neutral axis does not align with the centroid of the cross-section. This misalignment is typical in cases where the cross-section is not rectangular or...
460
Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

578
When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
578

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Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
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Multiple-length-scale deformation analysis in a thermoplastic polyurethane.

Tan Sui1, Nikolaos Baimpas1, Igor P Dolbnya2

  • 1Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.

Nature Communications
|March 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers exhibit unique deformation behaviors due to their nano-scale gradients. Understanding these hierarchical structures, particularly fuzzy interfaces, is key to predicting their mechanical properties in composite materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUs) are versatile block co-polymers with broad applications.
  • Their mechanical properties are influenced by internal nano-scale gradients and structural inhomogeneity.
  • Understanding deformation across multiple length scales is crucial for advanced material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a hierarchical characterization of block co-polymer deformation.
  • To investigate the role of nano-scale gradients and fuzzy interfaces in TPU mechanical behavior.
  • To establish a combined experimental and modeling approach for analyzing hierarchical composites.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized synchrotron-based small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering and radiography for multi-scale strain evaluation.
  • Employed transmission electron microscopy image-based finite element modeling.
  • Developed a multi-phase numerical model validated against experimental data.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated differing internal strain based on the length scale of consideration in TPUs.
  • Validated a numerical model using minimal adjustable parameters against experimental findings.
  • Identified fuzzy interfaces as critical regions influencing mechanical properties across scales.

Conclusions:

  • Fuzzy interfaces, characterized by nano-scale gradients, significantly impact the mechanical properties of hierarchical composites.
  • A combined experimental and modeling approach provides accurate hierarchical characterization of block co-polymer deformation.
  • This study offers insights into the structure-property relationships of advanced polymer composites.