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Vending machine assessment methodology. A systematic review.

Melissa A Matthews1, Tanya M Horacek1

  • 1Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.

Appetite
|March 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vending machine nutritional assessments vary widely, hindering comparisons. A universal, user-friendly tool is needed to evaluate food and beverage healthfulness in these environments.

Keywords:
BeveragesEnvironmentSnacksVending machines

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health
  • Food Environment Research

Background:

  • Vending machines contribute to obesogenic food environments due to the nutritional quality of products offered.
  • Current assessment tools for vending machines lack standardization, impacting the validity of claims regarding their role in obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and evaluate existing methodologies and tools for assessing vending machine nutritional content and environment.
  • To identify variations in assessment approaches and their impact on research comparability.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of 24 research studies published between 1981 and 2013.
  • Analysis of methodological variables including assessment tool type, product availability, healthfulness criteria, portion size, price, and promotion.

Main Results:

  • Significant variations were found in assessment methodologies and healthfulness criteria across studies.
  • While most studies (91%) assessed product availability and (96%) established healthfulness criteria, fewer evaluated machine accessibility (39%), price (48%), or promotion (52%).
  • Quality of scientific practice was assessed in only 22% of studies, and criteria for product healthfulness varied considerably.

Conclusions:

  • The heterogeneity in vending machine assessment tools and criteria makes comparing research findings difficult.
  • A universal, valid, reliable, and user-friendly vending machine assessment tool is recommended to improve consistency and comparability in research.