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Dissecting soft radiation with factorization.

Iain W Stewart1, Frank J Tackmann2, Wouter J Waalewijn3,4

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Soft hadronic activity in high-energy collisions is crucial. This study analyzes leading jet invariant mass spectra to separate hadronization, initial state radiation (ISR), and multiple parton interactions (MPI) effects.

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Area of Science:

  • High Energy Physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)

Background:

  • Soft hadronic activity is integral to high-energy hadronic collisions, encompassing soft radiation, multiple parton interactions (MPI), and factorization-violating effects.
  • The leading jet's invariant mass spectrum in Z+jet and H+jet events is sensitive to these underlying soft processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically predict the dependence of the leading jet's invariant mass spectrum on jet properties (radius R, transverse momentum pT, rapidity) and partonic processes.
  • To disentangle perturbative and nonperturbative contributions to soft radiation within jets.
  • To investigate the role of initial state radiation (ISR) and hadronization in shaping jet properties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a QCD factorization theorem to model the invariant mass spectrum of the leading jet.
  • Analyzed both perturbative and nonperturbative components of soft initial state radiation.
  • Compared theoretical predictions with the hadronization model in Pythia8.

Main Results:

  • Proved that nonperturbative contributions scale with odd powers of the jet radius R, with a universal linear R term for quark and gluon jets.
  • Demonstrated that perturbative soft ISR contributions depend on jet area and transverse momentum, breaking degeneracy with underlying event effects.
  • Showed ISR contributions are proportional to the initial parton color state, exhibiting distinct behaviors for different partonic processes (e.g., gg→Hg, gq→Zq, qq[over ¯]→Zg).

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a theoretical framework to separate hadronization, soft ISR, and MPI contributions by measuring jet properties.
  • Experimental measurements of these dependencies can experimentally validate the theoretical predictions and enhance understanding of soft QCD dynamics.
  • The findings offer a pathway to probe fundamental aspects of quantum chromodynamics in high-energy collisions.