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Ionization suppression effects with condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry: methods to increase the
Kyle D Duncan1, Gregory W Vandergrift, Erik T Krogh
1Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada.
Condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry (CP-MIMS) enables direct trace analysis in complex samples. This study introduces methods to overcome ionization suppression, achieving part-per-trillion detection limits for enhanced quantitation.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Mass Spectrometry
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry (CP-MIMS) is an established online analytical technique.
- Previous work primarily focused on instrument development, with limited quantitative method validation.
- Ionization suppression and linear dynamic range remain key challenges for CP-MIMS quantitation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and mitigate ionization suppression in direct quantitation using CP-MIMS.
- To develop and evaluate analytical strategies for improved quantitative accuracy.
- To establish lower detection limits for trace analytes in complex matrices.
Main Methods:
- Implemented a continuously infused internal standard in the acceptor phase.
- Modulated the acceptor phase flow rate to manage analyte transfer and ionization.
- Utilized a 'stopped-flow' acceptor mode to enhance sensitivity.
- Tested methods with spiked complex matrices like wastewater effluent and artificial urine.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated effective mitigation of ionization suppression using the proposed strategies.
- Achieved improved measured detection limits in the low part-per-trillion range.
- Validated the quantitative approach in complex, real-world sample matrices.
Conclusions:
- The developed analytical strategies significantly improve the quantitative reliability of CP-MIMS.
- CP-MIMS, with these enhancements, offers a powerful tool for direct trace-level analysis.
- The study provides a foundation for routine quantitative applications of CP-MIMS in environmental and biological analyses.
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