Technological advances in hybrid imaging and impact on dose

Area of Science:

• Medical Imaging Physics
• Radiopharmaceutical Dosimetry
• Nuclear Medicine Technology

Background:

• Computed tomography (CT) has revolutionized medical diagnostics, with continuous improvements in resolution.
• Despite dose reductions, CT remains a major source of population radiation exposure.
• Hybrid imaging (SPECT/CT, PET/CT) provides physiological and molecular insights but involves significant radiopharmaceutical doses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review advancements in X-ray and radiopharmaceutical imaging technologies.
• To assess the radiation dose implications of CT, SPECT, and PET/CT procedures.
• To explore strategies for reducing radiation exposure in patients and staff.

Main Methods:

• Review of current imaging technologies and their clinical applications.
• Analysis of radiation dose contributions from various imaging modalities.
• Evaluation of protocol adjustments and their impact on patient and staff doses.

Main Results:

• Hybrid imaging (SPECT/CT, PET/CT) significantly increases radiation dose, necessitating dose optimization research.
• Protocol adjustments like individualized administration and hydration can reduce patient radiation exposure.
• Staff finger doses may be a concern, but eye lens and whole-body doses are not problematic.

Conclusions:

• Optimizing radiopharmaceutical activities for specific patient groups and investigations is essential.
• Simple protocol adjustments can effectively mitigate patient radiation exposure from advanced imaging.
• Further research is needed to balance diagnostic efficacy with radiation safety in nuclear medicine.