Proliferation and interferon production in whole blood samples and isolated lymphocyte preparations

To establish a method for the evaluation of immunological parameters in small blood samples, a whole blood technique was developed for the estimation of mitogen induced cell proliferation and interferon (IFN) production. The results obtained were compared with data using isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Mixtures of heparinized whole blood and culture medium or equal numbers of PBL of healthy volunteers or of patients were cultured with the mitogens concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen or the monoclonal antibodies OKT3 and anti-Leu-4. Cell proliferation as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation and interferon production were found to be of higher magnitude in the whole blood assay. The only situation in which results were similar was pokeweed mitogen induced cell proliferation. Since in the whole blood assay the cell populations are present in their natural distribution, this test system may reflect the in vivo situation better than the test using isolated lymphocytes. Furthermore, our data indicate that whole blood samples may be used clinically for the evaluation of different immune parameters, as data on a limited number of patients with Hodgkin's disease have shown.