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Updated: Apr 15, 2026
Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification
Published on: April 20, 2011
[Risk of introduction and spread of polioviruses in closed-type child-care facilities]
Insights
Oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) resulted in higher poliovirus isolation rates in orphanages compared to inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). Strict prophylaxis is essential to maintain poliomyelitis-free status in closed facilities.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Public Health
Context:
- Poliovirus circulation in closed settings like orphanages poses a public health risk.
- Vaccination strategies significantly impact poliovirus detection rates.
Purpose:
- To compare the frequency of poliovirus isolation in children residing in orphanages before and after a shift in the poliomyelitis vaccination schedule.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) versus inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in reducing poliovirus detection in a vulnerable population.
Summary:
- A study involving 207 children receiving OPV and 259 children receiving IPV in orphanages found significantly higher poliovirus isolation rates (16.9%) with OPV compared to IPV (6.1%).
- All isolated polioviruses were identified as Sabin vaccine strains, indicating vaccine-related shedding.
- The findings highlight the importance of vaccination type in controlling poliovirus in institutionalized settings.
Impact:
- The study underscores the need for stringent control measures in closed facilities to prevent poliovirus introduction and transmission.
- Maintaining a high level of surveillance and appropriate vaccination strategies is crucial for sustaining the poliomyelitis-free status of the Russian Federation.
Aim:
Compare frequency of isolation of polioviruses in children living in closed-type facilities (orphanages) before and after the change in poliomyelitis vaccination scheme.
Materials And Methods:
Feces samples of 207 children from 5 orphanages during immunization with oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) and of 259 children from 4 orphanages during vaccination with inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) were studied. Isolation and identification of polioviruses was carried out according to WHO recommendations.
Results:
In orphanages, where children were immunized with the oral vaccines, 21 polioviruses were isolated. In orphanages, where only inactivated vaccine was used, 10 polioviruses were isolated, the presence of polioviruses in these facilities is associated with their introduction from the outside. The percentage of poliovirus detection in children immunized with OPV was shown to be 16.9 ± 3.4% and was significantly higher than in children vaccinated with IPV (6.1 ± 1.9%). Polioviruses isolated from children immunized with OPV belonged to serotypes 1, 2 and 3 in 19.0, 14.3 and 66.7% of cases, respectively. Polioviruses detected in children immunized with IPV belonged to serotypes 1, 2 and 3 in 30, 40 and 30% of cases, respectively. All the isolated polioviruses turned out to be Sabin vaccine strains.
Conclusion:
Implementation of strict prophylaxis measures in orphanages is necessary in order to prevent the possibility of introduction, transmission and circulation of polioviruses. Improvement of control in children from closed-type facilities will ensure maintenance of Russian Federation status as the country free of poliomyelitis.
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