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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
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Large noncoding RNAs are promising regulators in embryonic stem cells.

Ya-Pu Li1, Yangming Wang1

  • 1Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.

Journal of Genetics and Genomics = Yi Chuan Xue Bao
|March 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Large noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Understanding lncRNAs in ESCs offers new avenues for disease treatment and cell reprogramming, advancing regenerative medicine.

Keywords:
DifferentiationEmbryonic stem cellsInduced pluripotent stem cellsLarge noncoding RNAsSelf-renewal

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CARIP-Seq and ChIP-Seq: Methods to Identify Chromatin-Associated RNAs and Protein-DNA Interactions in Embryonic Stem Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Epigenetics
  • RNA biology

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are crucial for disease research and therapy.
  • The molecular mechanisms governing ESCs, particularly their self-renewal and differentiation, require further elucidation.
  • Large noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators in various biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in identifying functional lncRNAs in ESCs.
  • To elucidate the roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs in ESC self-renewal and differentiation.
  • To discuss future research directions for lncRNAs in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on lncRNAs in ESCs.
  • Analysis of identified functional lncRNAs and their regulatory pathways.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on lncRNA involvement in ESC fate determination.

Main Results:

  • Dozens of lncRNAs have been identified as critical regulators of ESC self-renewal and differentiation.
  • lncRNAs exert their functions through diverse molecular mechanisms within ESCs.
  • Research highlights the potential of lncRNAs for therapeutic applications and cell reprogramming.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs represent a significant class of regulators in ESCs.
  • Further investigation into lncRNAs will deepen our understanding of stem cell biology.
  • Targeting lncRNAs may offer novel strategies for treating diseases and generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).