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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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Anaphylaxis to insect stings.

David B K Golden1

  • 1Division of Allergy-Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, 7939 Honeygo Boulevard #219, Baltimore, MD 21236, USA.

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|April 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insect sting anaphylaxis affects 3% of adults and can be fatal. Venom immunotherapy is highly effective, preventing 75% to 98% of sting anaphylaxis reactions.

Keywords:
AnaphylaxisDiagnostic testsHymenopteraImmunotherapyInsect stingMastocytosisVenom

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis from insect stings occurs in 3% of adults and can be fatal, even on first exposure.
  • While large local reactions are common, they are rarely dangerous.
  • Risk factors for systemic reactions include prior reactions and elevated serum tryptase levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the risks associated with insect sting anaphylaxis.
  • To highlight the effectiveness of venom immunotherapy for prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on insect sting reactions.
  • Analysis of risk factors for systemic reactions.
  • Evaluation of venom immunotherapy efficacy data.

Main Results:

  • Systemic reactions to insect stings occur in 3% of adults.
  • Risk of systemic reaction varies significantly based on prior reaction history.
  • Baseline serum tryptase levels are often elevated in patients with sting anaphylaxis.

Conclusions:

  • Insect sting anaphylaxis is a serious, potentially fatal condition.
  • Venom immunotherapy demonstrates high efficacy (75%–98%) in preventing future anaphylactic episodes.