Renal leiomyosarcoma with soft tissue metastasis: An unusual presentation

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Primary renal sarcomas are extremely rare, accounting for only 1% of malignant renal tumors.
• Prognosis for renal sarcoma is poor, necessitating differentiation from sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
• Clinical and radiological features are non-specific, making diagnosis challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a rare case of renal leiomyosarcoma.
• To emphasize the diagnostic challenges and aggressive nature of primary renal sarcomas.
• To highlight the utility of histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in diagnosis.

Main Methods:

• Clinical diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
• Histopathological examination revealing spindle cell sarcoma.
• Immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmation of leiomyosarcoma in primary and metastatic sites.

Main Results:

• The patient was initially clinically diagnosed with RCC.
• Histopathology and IHC confirmed renal leiomyosarcoma.
• Metastatic leiomyosarcoma was identified in the liver, neck, and arm.

Conclusions:

• Renal leiomyosarcoma is a rare entity with a poor prognosis.
• Accurate diagnosis relies on histopathology and IHC.
• The aggressive nature is underscored by rapid metastasis.