Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 15, 2026
Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
Published on: January 28, 2014
Identification of Predictable Biomarkers in Conjunction to Framingham Risk Score to Predict the Risk for
Rama Krishna Y V Reddy1, Jaideep Mahendra2, Prema Gurumurthy3
1Research Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, Frontier Lifeline Hospital , Mogappair, Chennai, India .
Insights
New biomarkers like E-selectin, leptin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and Ox-LDL, when combined with the Framingham risk score, can better predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant global health burden with high morbidity and mortality rates.
- Current diagnostic methods often lack the sensitivity to detect early-stage CVD.
- There is a critical need for improved biomarkers to predict CVD risk, especially in non-cardiac patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify novel biomarkers for predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
- To evaluate the efficacy of combining these biomarkers with the Framingham risk score.
- To enhance CVD risk prediction in individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis.
Main Methods:
- 227 non-medicated subjects aged 30-80 years were analyzed.
- Subjects were categorized into control and three study groups based on age and risk factors.
- Atherosclerotic biomarkers (E-selectin, Leptin, OPG, Ox-LDL) were measured using ELISA; Framingham risk scores were calculated.
Main Results:
- Elevated levels of E-selectin, Leptin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and Ox-LDL were observed in study groups compared to controls.
- A significant positive correlation was found between individual risk scores and these biomarkers.
- Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for these biomarkers.
Conclusions:
- E-selectin, Leptin, OPG, and Ox-LDL serve as reliable biomarkers for predicting CVD risk.
- Combining these biomarkers with the Framingham risk score offers superior predictive accuracy for CVD.
- This combined approach is valuable for identifying individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis at risk of CVD.
Introduction:
Although the cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden is rising in different countries, the morbidity and mortality rate is not reduced to much extent because of lack of application of the biomarkers for diagnosing CVD. Hence, we aimed to establish the predictable biomarkers in conjunction to framingham risk score in order to predict the risk for CVD in non cardiac patients.
Materials And Methods:
Three hundred subjects were screened for the study who came for the master health checkup. Out of them 50 patients were excluded as they were under medication. 23 patients were excluded due to various systemic diseases like fever and infection etc. The remaining of 227 patients with age range of 30-80 y was randomly selected for investigation. These subjects were divided into four different groups: Group I - controls with age range: 30-60 y (n=50) these subjects were free from all the systemic ailments and risk factors. Study groups comprised of Group II - (n=44) with age range: 30-40 y, Group III - (n=50) with age range: 41-50 y and Group IV - (n=83) with age range: 51-80 y. Patients with different risk factors without medication participated as study groups. Routine biochemical parameters were analysed using fully automated analyser and atherosclerotic biomarkers was analysed using ELISA kit. In addition to this, framingham risk scores was calculated in all the groups, for 30 y risk prognosis for CVD.
Results:
The atherosclerotic biomarkers such as E-selectin, Leptin, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Ox-LDL were elevated among the study groups as compared to control group. Pearson correlation showed a significant association between the individual risk score (30 y framingham risk for CVD) of individuals, and the above biomarkers. The Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis also showed a greater area under curve with higher sensitivity and specificity.
Conclusion:
We conclude the application E-Selectin, leptin, OPG and Ox-LDL as biomarkers along with the framingham risk scores in prediction risk for CVD in the individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis. It is more reliable and predictable as compared to the individual biomarkers alone.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT
01:19Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
01:20Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
01:30Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction
01:26Atherosclerosis III: Management
01:26Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures