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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
2.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.7K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.7K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
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Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
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Tunable spin-orbit coupling via strong driving in ultracold-atom systems.

K Jiménez-García1,2, L J LeBlanc1, R A Williams1

  • 1Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.

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|April 11, 2015
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Researchers engineered spin-orbit coupling in ultracold atoms. This technique controls topological phenomena in Bose-Einstein condensates, advancing quantum gas research.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Atomic physics

Background:

  • Spin-orbit coupling is crucial for understanding topological materials.
  • Ultracold-atom systems offer unique experimental control for studying topological phenomena.
  • Investigating topological states in quantum gases requires precise control over spin-orbit coupling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel technique for controlling spin-orbit coupling in ultracold atoms.
  • To analyze the theoretical underpinnings of engineered spin-orbit coupling.
  • To explore the potential for creating and studying topological phenomena in Bose-Einstein condensates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate.
  • Employing amplitude-modulated Raman coupling to engineer spin-orbit interaction.
  • Combining experimental demonstration with theoretical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated controlled spin-orbit coupling in the Bose-Einstein condensate.
  • Provided a theoretical framework for the implemented technique.
  • Opened new avenues for exploring topological physics in quantum systems.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered spin-orbit coupling is achievable in ultracold-atom systems.
  • This method provides a powerful tool for investigating topological phenomena.
  • The technique advances the study of quantum gas-based topological materials.