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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
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[Calcium and health].

Rosa M Ortega Anta1, Ana I Jiménez Ortega2, Ana M López-Sobaler1

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Summary
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Many adults and children have insufficient calcium intake, increasing health risks despite misconceptions about high dairy consumption. Meeting recommended calcium levels is crucial for bone health and disease prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Adequate calcium intake is vital for bone health and may protect against major diseases like hypertension, cancer, and obesity.
  • Studies indicate over 75% of Spanish adults and children do not meet recommended calcium intake levels.
  • Misconceptions about high dairy consumption contribute to inadequate calcium intake in the population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the risks associated with inadequate calcium intake.
  • To address misconceptions regarding calcium and dairy consumption.
  • To emphasize the importance of meeting recommended calcium intake for overall health.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from Spanish representative samples.
  • Review of existing studies on calcium intake and health outcomes.
  • Identification of trends in calcium and dairy consumption.

Main Results:

  • A significant majority of the population fails to meet recommended calcium intake.
  • Calcium intake is often below recommended levels (1000-1200 mg/day), despite perceived high consumption.
  • Inadequate calcium intake poses long-term health risks.

Conclusions:

  • Meeting recommended calcium intake is essential for nutritional and health benefits.
  • Public health initiatives are needed to correct misconceptions about calcium and dairy.
  • Addressing calcium deficiency is critical for preventing chronic diseases and maintaining long-term health.