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Related Concept Videos

Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

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Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
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Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

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Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
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Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

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Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
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Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Related Experiment Video

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Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
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Visual perception involves event-type representations: The case of containment versus occlusion.

Brent Strickland1, Brian J Scholl1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Yale University.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General
|April 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Adults

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Infant cognition research indicates core knowledge relies on event-type representations.
  • These representations automatically categorize physical events, influencing attention to specific properties.
  • Developmental studies show age-related differences in processing event properties like width versus height.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if event-type representations, observed in infants, also shape adult visual processing.
  • To determine if adults' attention to event properties (width vs. height) differs based on event type (containment vs. occlusion).
  • To explore the automatic and unconscious nature of these representations in adult cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Adult participants performed change detection tasks on dynamic visual displays.

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  • Displays depicted repeating occlusion or containment events.
  • The study involved 6 experiments manipulating event types and change properties (width vs. height).

    • Main Results:

    • Change detection performance mirrored developmental findings: better for width than height in containment events.
    • No significant difference in change detection for width versus height was observed in occlusion events.
    • Most participants were unaware of the subtle differences between occlusion and containment events.

    Conclusions:

    • Event-type representations are fundamental to adult visual cognition, operating automatically and unconsciously.
    • These findings suggest a continuity between infant and adult visual processing mechanisms.
    • The study provides the first evidence for event-type representations as a core component of adult visual cognition.