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Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

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Spin glasses: redux: an updated experimental/materials survey.

¹Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory and Institute Lorentz, Leiden University, PO Box 9504, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands.

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|April 16, 2015

Summary

This review explores spin glasses (SG), disordered magnetic materials, and their connection to spin density waves (SDW). It highlights new SG materials and their relevance to condensed matter physics challenges.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Statistical Mechanics
Materials Science

Background:

The spin-glass field has been studied for over 40 years.
Spin glasses (SG) are a key area in statistical mechanics, particularly concerning classical phase transitions.
Understanding SG behavior is crucial for exploring strongly correlated materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the spin-glass field from an experimental phenomenological viewpoint.
To emphasize new spin glass materials and their relation to current problems in condensed matter physics.
To explain the spin density wave (SDW) concept and its relation to SG.

Main Methods:

Definition and basic ingredients of spin glasses.
Characterization of canonical spin glass behavior through four experimental properties.
Introduction to early theories and models, including the spin density wave (SDW) concept.

Main Results:

Distinction between short-range SDW (SG) and long-range SDW (conventional magnetic transition).
Overview of the current state of SG research, including simulations and proposals for chiral and quantum SGs.
Identification of unconventional materials exhibiting SG-like freezing and glassy ground states.

Conclusions:

Spin glasses exhibit unique properties relevant to various strongly correlated materials.
New materials like superconductors and heavy fermions show spin-glass-like behavior.
Future research directions include exploring quantum spin glasses and novel glassy states.