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Related Concept Videos

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Equilibrium and Balance

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The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
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The Vestibular System01:29

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The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
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Anatomy of the Ear01:16

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
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Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Performing Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation
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Vestibular function in cochlear implantation: Correlating objectiveness and subjectiveness.

Angel Batuecas-Caletrio1, Micah Klumpp2, Santiago Santacruz-Ruiz1

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Otoneurology Unit, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.

The Laryngoscope
|April 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cochlear implantation (CI) can cause dizziness, with 30% of patients showing changes in vestibular function post-surgery. The video head impulse test (vHIT) is crucial for evaluating these vestibular changes and dizziness in CI patients.

Keywords:
Cochlear implantdizzinessvestibular functionvideo head impulse test

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Cochlear implantation (CI) is a common treatment for profound sensorineural hearing loss.
  • Vestibular function can be affected by CI, potentially leading to dizziness.
  • Objective and subjective assessments are needed to evaluate post-CI vestibular changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively evaluate changes in vestibular function before and after cochlear implantation.
  • To correlate objective vestibular test results with subjective dizziness reports.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective descriptive study of 30 patients undergoing CI.
  • Objective vestibular assessment using caloric testing and video head impulse test (vHIT).
  • Subjective assessment of dizziness using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI).

Main Results:

  • Twenty patients had no vestibular changes; 10 showed changes.
  • Of the 10 with changes, all reported increased dizziness (DHI scores).
  • Video head impulse test (vHIT) revealed postoperative vestibular function changes in 30% of patients.

Conclusions:

  • Cochlear implantation, while generally safe, can lead to postoperative dizziness.
  • Video head impulse test (vHIT) is effective in detecting vestibular dysfunction after CI.
  • vHIT results (gain, saccades) and DHI scores are important for evaluating dizziness in CI patients.