Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

43
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
43
Microbes and Climate Change01:27

Microbes and Climate Change

63
Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
63
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

66.3K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
66.3K
Causality in Epidemiology01:21

Causality in Epidemiology

2.1K
Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...
2.1K
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

67
Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable...
67
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

6.6K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
6.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Combinatorial (bio-geo-temporal) and non-combinatorial analysis of the COVID-19 dissemination that affected Georgia (the country) in 2021.

Frontiers in public health·2026
Same author

Multidimensional perspectives of geo-epidemiology: from interdisciplinary learning and research to cost-benefit oriented decision-making.

Frontiers in public health·2025
Same author

Electrophysiological insights into Alzheimer's disease: A review of human and animal studies.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2024
Same author

Assessing complexity and dynamics in epidemics: geographical barriers and facilitators of foot-and-mouth disease dissemination.

Frontiers in veterinary science·2023
Same author

Modelling HIV/AIDS and monkeypox co-infection.

Applied mathematics and computation·2022
Same author

A Process-based Model with Temperature, Water, and Lab-derived Data Improves Predictions of Daily Culex pipiens/restuans Mosquito Density.

Journal of medical entomology·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus
10:35

Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus

Published on: May 31, 2020

3.7K

Coupling Vector-host Dynamics with Weather Geography and Mitigation Measures to Model Rift Valley Fever in Africa.

B H McMahon1, C A Manore2, J M Hyman3

  • 1Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos, NM 87545.

Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena
|April 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Rift Valley fever epidemics in East Africa are driven by rainfall duration. Herd immunity significantly impacts mortality, suggesting targeted vector control and vaccination are key mitigation strategies.

Keywords:
epidemiologygeographymitigationnetwork modelrift valley fevervaccinationweather

More Related Videos

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy
09:13

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy

Published on: November 1, 2011

18.2K
Experimental Viral Infection in Adult Mosquitoes by Oral Feeding and Microinjection
08:02

Experimental Viral Infection in Adult Mosquitoes by Oral Feeding and Microinjection

Published on: July 28, 2022

3.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus
10:35

Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus

Published on: May 31, 2020

3.7K
Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy
09:13

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy

Published on: November 1, 2011

18.2K
Experimental Viral Infection in Adult Mosquitoes by Oral Feeding and Microinjection
08:02

Experimental Viral Infection in Adult Mosquitoes by Oral Feeding and Microinjection

Published on: July 28, 2022

3.2K

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Veterinary Science
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease affecting livestock and humans in East Africa.
  • Understanding RVF transmission dynamics is crucial for effective disease control and prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and analyze a multi-host epidemic model for RVF in East Africa.
  • To investigate the impact of geographic spread, mitigation measures, and vector dynamics on RVF epidemics.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of different control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A network-based mathematical model incorporating geographic spread, rule-based mitigation, and mosquito population dynamics.
  • Simulation of RVF virus transmission over a 25-year period.
  • Analysis of correlations between epidemic severity, rainfall duration, and mitigation strategies.

Main Results:

  • Epidemic severity strongly correlates with rainy season duration; epidemics terminate with the cessation of rain.
  • Naturally acquired herd immunity makes total mortality relatively insensitive to many mitigation approaches.
  • Significant reductions in cattle mortality are achieved by reducing vector or unvaccinated host population densities.

Conclusions:

  • Effective multi-layered RVF mitigation requires vector control, movement restrictions, and annual vaccination of young animals.
  • Serology surveys and virus sequencing are recommended to better understand herd immunity and transmission sources.
  • Integrated strategies are essential for long-term control of Rift Valley fever in East Africa.