High standard one-loop potential clamp device for Ranvier nodes

Starting from the observation that using a conventional potential clamp device for membrane current measurements in Ranvier nodes neither the kinetics of sodium currents nor the constant field concept agree satisfactorily with the Hodgkin-Huxley-Frankenhaeuser (HHF)-formalism, an extendend measuring system has been developed. The extensions introduced base largely on physical implications of myelinated nerve fibres which give rise 1. to systematic distortions of any current records at the high frequency end and 2. to current proportional deviations of the membrane potential from desired potential values. In addition, we provided to meet any unwanted current load during membrane current measurements and to push the time resolution of the measuring system to the highest possible value. After having tested thoroughly the new circuitry by appropriate physical methods, from sodium current measurements the following conclusions were drawn: 1. Occasional deviations of sodium current kinetics near the sodium equilibrium potential from the predictions of the HHF-formalism are measurement errors. 2. The constant field formalism holds for sodium currents in the potential range of biological relevance only. 3. Instantaneous sodium current measurements, however, are of unsatisfactory significance because for this kind of experiments the time resolution of the measuring system used might be still too low.