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Updated: Apr 13, 2026

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Prosocial behavior and gender.

María Paz Espinosa1, Jaromír Kovářík2

  • 1Fundamentos del Análisis Económico and BRiDGE, University of the Basque Country Bilbao, Spain.

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
|May 1, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Men and women exhibit similar baseline social behavior in economic games. However, social framing boosts women's prosociality, while reflection enhances men's, revealing gender-specific responses to context.

Keywords:
altruismeconomic gamesgenderprosocial behaviortreatment effects

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Social Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Economic games are widely used to study social behavior.
  • Previous research has yielded mixed results regarding gender differences in prosociality.
  • Understanding the origins of human prosociality is a key scientific question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender-specific effects of experimental treatments on social behavior in economic games.
  • To analyze how social framing and reflection influence prosocial behavior differently in men and women.
  • To explore the link between observed behavioral differences and neural connectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Revisiting and analyzing diverse experimental datasets on social behavior in economic games.
  • Comparing treatment effects across genders, specifically focusing on social framing and reflection.
  • Examining statistical significance and directionality of gender differences in treatment effects.

Main Results:

  • No significant gender differences were found in neutral baseline conditions.
  • Social framing increased prosocial behavior in women but not men.
  • Encouraging reflection decreased male prosociality but did not affect female prosociality.

Conclusions:

  • Both male and female social behavior are malleable, but they respond to distinct contextual cues.
  • Observed gender differences in economic games may stem from experimental design specifics.
  • Differential treatment effects could be related to documented sex-based differences in brain network connectivity.