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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

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The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Retroviruses02:33

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

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Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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Hepatitis B virus genotypes and variants.

Chih-Lin Lin1, Jia-Horng Kao2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|May 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and mutants impact liver disease progression and treatment response. Understanding these viral markers helps personalize therapy for chronic hepatitis B patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) exhibits significant genetic diversity with at least 10 genotypes (A-J).
  • HBV mutants, including precore/core promoter and pre-S/S deletion mutations, influence disease trajectory and treatment outcomes.
  • Geographic distribution and specific genotypes are linked to varying clinical manifestations and risks of liver disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the impact of HBV genotypes and mutants on chronic hepatitis B pathogenesis.
  • To investigate the association between HBV genotypes/mutants and clinical outcomes, including disease progression and response to antiviral therapies.
  • To highlight the utility of HBV genetic markers in optimizing individualized treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on HBV genotypes, mutants, and their clinical implications.
  • Comparative analysis of disease progression, HBeAg seroconversion rates, and risk of cirrhosis/HCC across different HBV genotypes.
  • Evaluation of treatment responses to interferon-based and nucleos(t)ide analog therapies stratified by HBV genotype.

Main Results:

  • HBV genotypes C and D are associated with lower spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion rates and higher frequencies of core promoter/pre-S mutations compared to genotypes A and B.
  • Genotypes C and D confer a higher lifetime risk for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • Patients with genotypes A and B show better response to interferon therapy, while nucleos(t)ide analog response is comparable across genotypes.

Conclusions:

  • HBV genotypes and variants are critical determinants of disease progression and clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis B.
  • These viral genetic markers can predict disease severity and guide the selection of optimal antiviral treatment regimens.
  • Personalized medicine approaches incorporating HBV genotyping are essential for effective management of chronic hepatitis B.