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Cross-Linguistic Differences in Processing Double-Embedded Relative Clauses: Working-Memory Constraints or Language

Stefan L Frank1, Thijs Trompenaars1, Shravan Vasishth2,3

  • 1Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen.

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|May 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The grammaticality illusion, where omitted verbs aid processing, is language-specific. Dutch and German speakers don't show this effect in Dutch but do in English, challenging memory constraints.

Keywords:
BilingualismCentre embeddingCross-linguistic differencesGrammaticality illusionRecurrent neural network modelRelative clausesSelf-paced readingSentence comprehension

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The grammaticality illusion describes easier processing of English double-embedded relative clauses with omitted verbs.
  • This effect's reversal in German suggests language-specific rather than universal cognitive constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cross-linguistic nature of the grammaticality illusion.
  • To test whether the illusion is specific to English or a broader psycholinguistic phenomenon.
  • To explore alternative explanations beyond working memory limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Three self-paced reading experiments were conducted with native Dutch and German speakers.
  • Participants read English and Dutch sentences, including those exhibiting the grammaticality illusion.
  • A recurrent neural network model was trained on Dutch and English corpora.

Main Results:

  • Dutch native speakers did not exhibit the grammaticality illusion when reading Dutch sentences.
  • Both German and Dutch native speakers showed the grammaticality illusion when reading English sentences.
  • The recurrent neural network model successfully predicted the cross-linguistic differences in the illusion.

Conclusions:

  • The grammaticality illusion is not solely attributable to universal working memory constraints.
  • Language-specific statistical patterns, captured by the neural network, likely explain the observed cross-linguistic variation.
  • This research refines our understanding of sentence processing and language-specific influences on cognition.