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Related Concept Videos

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

93
Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
93
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

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A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
112
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

94
Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...
94
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

16.0K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
16.0K
Energy Bands in Solids01:01

Energy Bands in Solids

2.5K
Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
When atoms are brought close together, as in a solid, these discrete energy levels begin to split due to the overlap of electron orbitals from adjacent atoms. This split occurs because of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

21.5K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
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Atomic Defects in Two Dimensional Materials.

Haider I Rasool1,2, Colin Ophus3, Alex Zettl1,2,4

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atomic defects significantly impact material properties. Advanced electron microscopy reveals defect structures and dynamics in 2D materials like graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides.

Keywords:
aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopygraphenehexagonal boron nitridemolybdenum disulfidetwo-dimensional materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Atomic defects critically influence the bulk properties of crystalline materials.
  • Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is essential for analyzing defect bonding structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in characterizing defect structures within two-dimensional (2D) materials.
  • To highlight the role of advanced electron microscopy in understanding defect behavior and atomic arrangements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
  • Applying advanced electron microscopy techniques for atomic-resolution imaging.
  • Characterizing dynamic defect behavior and crystal structures.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the stability of zigzag edges and dislocation motion in graphene defects.
  • Revealed global crystal structures and atomic positions in polycrystalline graphene.
  • Characterized interlayer bonding and grain boundary structures in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN).
  • Investigated defect structures in monolayer polycrystalline transition metal dichalcogenides grown via chemical vapor deposition (CVD).

Conclusions:

  • Advanced electron microscopy provides crucial insights into defect structures and dynamics in 2D materials.
  • Understanding defects is key to controlling and optimizing the properties of graphene, h-BN, and transition metal dichalcogenides.