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Allergic Reactions02:06

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Overview
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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When can immunotherapy for insect sting allergy be stopped?

Ulrich R Müller1, Johannes Ring2

  • 1Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, Ziegler Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. in Practice
|May 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Venom immunotherapy (VIT) for Hymenoptera stings is effective, but duration is key. Continue VIT for 5 years if no risk factors exist, and discuss longer treatment if risk factors are present.

Keywords:
Duration of VITEfficacy of VITHoney beesHymenoptera venom allergyRisk factors for recurrence after VITVenom immunotherapyVespids

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Hymenoptera stings (bees, wasps, ants) can trigger severe systemic allergic reactions (SARs).
  • Venom immunotherapy (VIT) significantly reduces the risk of recurrent SARs, with effectiveness increasing with treatment duration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review risk factors for recurrent SARs after discontinuing VIT.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for VIT duration and management post-treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of identified risk factors for recurrent SARs.
  • Discussion of recommendations for stopping VIT based on risk factor assessment.

Main Results:

  • For patients without risk factors, VIT should extend to 5 years (vs. 3).
  • Patients with risk factors require extended VIT discussion; lifelong VIT is recommended for mast cell disorders.
  • A residual risk of SARs necessitates indefinite epinephrine autoinjector use and sting avoidance.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing VIT duration based on individual risk factors is crucial for preventing recurrent SARs.
  • Long-term management strategies, including autoinjector use, are essential even after successful VIT.